Discover the knee replacement surgeries in India, including types of surgeries, implants, costs, success rates, and who the right patients are. Learn why knee replacement might be necessary and get answers to frequently asked questions.

Knee Replacement Surgeries in India

Knee replacement surgeries in India are evolving with advanced technologies like robotic-assisted surgery and personalised 3D-printed implants, Persona IQ Implant also known as World’s first smart knee implant. These innovations are leading to more precise surgeries, shorter recovery times, and long term outcomes are getting better.  As India continues to invest in healthcare, More than 21,000   knee replacement surgeries performed per month in India as a global leader in knee replacement surgery.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgeries

Total Knee Replacement (TKR):

The most common procedure, where the entire knee joint is replaced with artificial implant..

Indications:

• Severe arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis)
• Chronic knee pain and stiffness
• Significant knee deformities
• Failed previous knee surgeries

Total Knee Replacement is Best for  :

• Patients: Older adults with severe joint damage and those who have not responded to conservative treatments (medications, physical therapy).
• Considerations: TKR is typically recommended for patients who have extensive joint damage affecting multiple parts of the knee. It is suitable for those with substantial pain and mobility issues that interfere with daily activities.

Partial Knee Replacement (PKR):

Only the damaged portion of the knee is replaced, preserving more of the natural bone and tissue.

Indications:

• Isolated arthritis in one compartment of the knee
• Localised knee pain and damage
• Good range of motion in the knee
• Stable ligaments

Partial Knee Replacement is Best for:

• Patients: Younger or middle-aged adults with localised knee damage and relatively healthy remaining knee structures.
• Considerations: PKR is ideal for patients with damage limited to one part of the knee. It offers a quicker recovery, less pain, and a more natural feeling in the knee post-surgery compared to TKR. However, it is not suitable for those with widespread arthritis.

Minimally Invasive Knee Replacement:

Utilises smaller incisions for less pain and quicker recovery.

Indications:

• Patients suitable for TKR or PKR but seeking a quicker recovery
• Minimally invasive techniques can be applied to both total and partial knee replacements

Minimally Invasive Knee Replacement Best for:

• Patients: Younger, healthier individuals with less severe knee damage who are looking for a quicker recovery and reduced post-operative pain.
• Considerations: MIS is ideal for patients who meet the criteria for TKR or PKR and prefer a faster recovery with less scarring. However, it requires a highly skilled surgeon, and not all patients are suitable candidates.

Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement:

Advanced technology assists in performing the surgery with greater accuracy.

Indications:

• Patients suitable for TKR or PKR
• Complex knee anatomy or deformities
• Patients seeking highly personalised and precise surgery

Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement Best for:

• Patients: Individuals with complex knee conditions or those desiring the latest technology for optimal outcomes.
• Considerations: Robotic-assisted knee replacement is especially beneficial for patients with challenging knee anatomy or those who prioritise precision in surgery. It can improve implant longevity and functional outcomes but may be more expensive.

Revision Knee Replacement:

Performed when an existing knee implant fails or wears out.

Indications:

• Worn-out or failed knee implant
• Infection around the knee implant
• Instability or stiffness after previous knee replacement
• Bone fractures around the implant

Revision Knee Replacement Best for:

• Patients: Those who have undergone previous knee replacement surgery and are experiencing issues such as pain, instability, or implant failure.
• Considerations: Revision surgery is more complex than primary knee replacement, requiring specialised expertise. It is often recommended when there is a significant problem with the original implant, and careful planning is needed to achieve a successful outcome.

Types of Knee Implants and Their Lifespan.

1. Metal-Plastic Implants

• Lifespan: 15-20 years
• Best for: Most patients, particularly older adults with moderate to low activity levels.
• Condition: Suitable for those with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis where the bone quality is reasonable, and there’s no severe deformity.
• Benefits: Proven track record, good balance of durability and performance.
• Drawbacks: May wear down over time, leading to revision surgery, especially in younger or more active patients.

2. Ceramic-Ceramic Implants

• Lifespan: Over 20 Year
• Best for: Younger, more active patients who require a longer-lasting implant.
• Condition: Patients with good bone quality and higher activity levels who want to minimise the risk of implant wear.
• Benefits: Low wear rates, highly durable, less likely to release particles that could cause inflammation.
• Drawbacks: More expensive, and while rare, ceramic materials can fracture under extreme conditions.

2. Metal-Metal Implants

• Lifespan: 15-20 years
• Best for: Patients who are younger and more active, and need durable implants.
• Condition: Suitable for patients with strong bones and who engage in higher-impact activities.
• Benefits: Durable and strong, suitable for higher levels of activity.
• Drawbacks: Potential risk of metal ion release into the bloodstream, which can cause complications like metal sensitivity or even systemic effects.

4. Custom-Made Implants

• Lifespan: Varies, generally comparable to standard implants but with potentially better outcomes.:
• Best for: Patients with unique knee anatomy, severe deformities, or those who have had multiple prior surgeries.
• Condition: Ideal for complex cases where off-the-shelf implants would not provide an optimal fit or function.
• Benefits: Customisation leads to a better fit, improved function, and possibly a longer lifespan.
• Drawbacks: Higher cost, longer preparation time, and limited availability.

5. Hybrid Implants (Ceramic-Metal or Ceramic-Plastic)

• Lifespan: 15-25 years, depending on the combination.
• Best for: Patients needing a balance between durability and reducing wear.
• Condition: Patients with moderate to high activity levels and good bone quality.
• Benefits: Offers the low wear rate of ceramic with the durability of metal or the flexibility of plastic.
• Drawbacks: Complexity in choosing the right combination for the patient’s specific needs, slightly higher cost.

International Cost of Knee Replacement in India

India offers knee replacement surgery at a fraction of the cost compared to countries like the USA, UK, and Australia. On average, the cost ranges from $2,000 to $6,000 per knee, depending on the type of surgery, implant, and hospital chosen. This affordability, coupled with high-quality care, makes India a top destination for medical tourists seeking knee replacement surgery.

Success Rate of Knee Replacement Surgery in India

The success rate of knee replacement surgeries in India is impressive, with over 90-95% of patients reporting significant pain relief and improved mobility. With the advancements in surgical techniques and implant technology, the success rate is expected to rise even further.

Why Do You Need Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement surgery is necessary when the knee joint becomes severely damaged, leading to chronic pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and traumatic injuries are common reasons for this damage. When non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief, knee replacement surgery becomes the best option to restore mobility and improve the quality of life.

Right Patients for Knee Replacement

The ideal candidates for knee replacement surgery are those who experience severe knee pain that limits daily activities, have a knee deformity, or have exhausted other treatment options. Generally, older adults are the most common candidates, but younger patients with significant joint damage may also be considered. A thorough evaluation by an orthopaedic surgeon will determine if knee replacement is the right choice.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long does it take to recover from knee replacement surgery?

Recovery typically takes 6-12 weeks, with most patients resuming normal activities within this time. Full recovery may take up to a year.

What is the longevity of knee implants?

Most knee implants last between 15-20 years, but newer materials and techniques are extending their lifespan even further.

How safe is knee replacement surgery?

Knee replacement surgery is generally very safe, with a high success rate to almost 93% to 98%. As with any surgery, there are risks, but they are minimal when performed by experienced surgeons.

Can I have both knees replaced at once?

Yes, simultaneous bilateral knee replacement is possible, but it depends on the patient’s overall health, body response towards healing  and the surgeon’s recommendation.

What is the cost of knee replacement surgery in India for international patients?

The cost for patients typically ranges from $3,000 to $6,000 per knee, depending on the type of surgery, complexity, how many surgeons are involved in it and the type of implant chosen.