Glioblastoma, the most common and dangerous kind of malignant brain tumor, develops from astrocytes, which are specialized star-shaped brain cells. These grade IV tumors develop quickly and are aggressive, frequently spreading into neighboring brain tissue. Although glioblastomas can develop from scratch, they can also develop from lower-grade astrocytomas.

Glioblastoma cancer is extremely common, accounting for over half of all malignant brain cancers, with over 13,000 cases detected each year. Typically affecting those aged 45 to 70, the average age upon diagnosis is 64, and males are somewhat more at risk. The prognosis remains with a median life of 15-18 months after diagnosis and a five-year survival rate of roughly 10%.

What are the types of Glioblastoma Cancer?

Glioblastomas are primarily categorized into two types:

• De Novo Glioblastomas: These are the most prevalent form of cancer and appear as grade IV tumors with no indication of a lower-grade precursor. De novo glioblastomas are usually more aggressive and strike people over the age of 60, however, they can affect younger people as well.
• Secondary Glioblastomas: These tumors develop from lower-grade astrocytomas (grade 2 or 3) and eventually proceed to grade 4 tumors. While secondary glioblastomas develop more slowly at first, they might become more aggressive. The transition of a lower-grade tumor to glioblastoma involves a series of genetic and molecular changes.

What are the signs and symptoms of Glioblastoma Cancer?

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of severe brain cancer that can develop in a variety of ways. It is important to remember, however, that these symptoms might differ from person to person. Glioblastoma symptoms and signs may include:

• Headaches: Headaches that persist or increase, especially in the morning, maybe a sign. These headaches can be severe and are difficult to treat with prescription medications.
• Seizures: Glioblastoma can be detected by new-onset seizures or a change in the pattern of existing seizures.
• Cognitive changes: Memory loss, disorientation, trouble concentrating, and other cognitive problems are possible.
• Personality or behavior changes: Glioblastoma can induce changes in mood, behavior, or personality.
• Weakness or numbness: There may be a gradual development of weakness or numbness in the arms or legs, usually on one side of the body.
• Vision problems: Changes in vision, such as hazy or double vision, might be a sign.
• Speech difficulties: Slurred speech or other irregularities in speech may occur.
• Nausea and vomiting: Consistent nausea and vomiting, particularly in the absence of other gastrointestinal disorders, may be a symptom.

What are the causes of Glioblastoma Cancer?

Glioblastoma, a type of glioma, is caused by genetic changes in the DNA of brain or spinal cord cells. These alterations push cells to divide rapidly and uncontrollably and to reject the regular process of programmed cell death. As a result, an abnormal lump or tumor called a glioblastoma develops. This tumor can cause symptoms and difficulties by putting pressure on adjacent nerves and brain structures. Additional genetic changes can cause glioma cells to grow into aggressive brain tumors, causing invasion and destruction of healthy brain tissue. The specific origins of these DNA mutations are unknown, making glioblastoma a complicated cancer to treat.

What are the risk factors associated with Glioblastoma Cancer?

Several factors can increase the chance of getting glioblastoma, such as:

• Age: Glioblastomas are most common in people between the ages of 45 and 65, although they can develop at any age, including children and young adults.
• Radiation Exposure: Individuals who have been exposed to ionizing radiation, such as that used in cancer treatment (radiotherapy), are at a higher risk of developing glioblastoma.
• Family History: While gliomas are uncommon, they can run in families, suggesting a possible genetic component. Glioblastoma risk may be influenced by genetic factors, with syndromes such as Li Fraumeni, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Turcot syndrome being associated with the illness.
• Gender and Age: Glioblastomas are more common in men and those over the age of 50. The average age of diagnosis is 64.
• Ethnicity: Glioblastoma is more prevalent in Caucasians than in other ethnic groupings such as Black, Asian, and Indigenous peoples.
• Chemical Exposure: Certain chemicals, such as pesticides, petroleum, synthetic rubber, and vinyl chloride, have been linked to an increased risk of glioblastoma.
• Previous Radiation Therapy: Prior radiation therapy to the head, which is frequently used to treat brain tumors or cancers near the brain, is a major risk factor.
• Rare Genetic illnesses: Hereditary illnesses caused by genetic abnormalities, such as Turcot syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, can increase the risk of glioblastoma.

What is the diagnosis for Glioblastoma Cancer in India?

Neurological Examination: A complete examination is performed to measure nerve function and brain activity. Vision, hearing, balance, coordination, strength, and reflexes are all evaluated. Any difficulty with these skills might suggest the presence of a brain tumor, necessitating more investigation.

Imaging Techniques: A variety of imaging techniques are used to obtain detailed images of the brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used method, generally with a contrast dye injection for improved clarity. To detect symptoms of a brain tumor, computed tomography (CT) scans and positron emission tomography (PET) scans may be used.

Biopsy: When surgery is not immediately possible, a biopsy may be performed to collect a tissue sample for testing before beginning treatment. Guided by imaging tests, stereotactic needle biopsy involves inserting a tiny needle through a small hole in the skull to harvest tissue.

Tumor Cell Analysis: A glioblastoma sample may be tested in a laboratory to determine its features. Pathologists examine tumor cells to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of glioma. Advanced diagnostics measure the pace of cell development and DNA alterations inside tumor cells to help in treatment planning.

Sophisticated Imaging Techniques: Additional imaging technologies, such as Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), give information on the tumor’s chemical structure. Functional MRI (fMRI) is used to detect brain regions that are engaged during certain tasks, which is important for surgical planning in areas near essential brain processes.

Molecular Testing: In India, molecular testing is becoming increasingly important for glioblastoma diagnosis. To give a more accurate prediction and guide treatment options, key molecular markers such as IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation are examined. These molecular subtypes help in personalizing treatment strategies depending on the tumor’s genetic traits.

What are the different stages of Glioblastoma Cancer?

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a deadly brain cancer, is classified into phases to help doctors understand the tumor’s growth and response to treatment. Glioblastoma staging is multidimensional, reflecting the changing character of this aggressive illness.

• Stage 1: Patients are diagnosed with glioblastoma at this stage, starting a thorough treatment plan. To ensure maximum tumor excision, surgical intervention is often used, followed by a combination of radiation treatment and chemotherapy. Stage I is the initial step in treatment following a diagnosis.
• Stage2: It is defined by post-surgery and initial treatment, with an emphasis on continued surveillance and monitoring for indicators of tumor recurrence. Imaging examinations, particularly MRI, play an important role in determining the effectiveness of therapy and detecting any remaining tumor.
• Stage 3: The advancement to Stage III indicates that the tumor has recurred or progressed despite early treatment attempts. Additional surgery, other chemotherapy treatments, or participation in clinical trials investigating new drugs are also options for treatment.
• Stage 4: Recurrent Glioblastoma, Stage IV, is a terminal stage in which the disease returns after the initial treatment. Reassessing treatment choices, which may include repeat surgery, alternate radiation methods, or other chemotherapy medicines, is part of management.

What are the different Glioblastoma Cancer Treatment in India?

Glioblastoma provides major therapeutic problems due to its rapid growth and invasive nature in surrounding brain tissue. Glioblastoma multiforme treatmentin India is diverse, taking into consideration factors such as tumor location, patient health, and disease characteristics.

• Surgery:GBM surgery is often the first step in the treatment of glioblastoma. Neurosurgeons want to remove as many tumors as securely as possible while also giving comfort, getting a biopsy for diagnosis, and relieving brain pressure. However, because glioblastomas are so widespread and infiltrative, full excision remains a tough task, especially near key brain areas.
• Radiation Therapy:Radiation treatment is used after surgery. High-energy beams, commonly X-rays or protons, are used to target remaining tumor cells. This postoperative radiation is used to prevent additional growth and is frequently paired with chemotherapy for maximum effectiveness.
• Chemotherapy: An essential component of glioblastoma treatment, chemotherapy uses medications to target rapidly developing cancer cells. Temozolomide is a common chemotherapy medication used in combination with radiation treatment and following maintenance stages. This systemic technique targets tumor cells all over the body.
• Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields): Innovative treatments such as Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are making breakthroughs in the treatment of glioblastoma. This includes using a wearable device to deliver low-intensity electric fields that impair cancer cell growth.
• Targeted therapy: It focuses on specific molecular behaviors seen in cancer cells. Molecular testing in glioblastoma may guide the use of targeted medicines. These therapies try to block particular molecules linked to cancer cell proliferation, providing a more tailored and accurate approach.
• Clinical Trials: Due to the complex nature of glioblastoma, involvement in clinical trials is an important decision. Clinical trials in India explore new therapies, creative combinations, and individualized methods suited to the specific features of each patient’s cancer.

What is the success rate of Glioblastoma Cancer Treatment in India?

The success rate of Glioblastoma treatment in India varies depending on every case and the stage of the cancer. Glioblastoma is a very aggressive kind of brain cancer, and treatment results can be difficult. Factors like as the patient’s overall health, the unique features of the tumor, and the effectiveness of the treatment plan, which often includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, all impact success.The average life expectancy following a glioblastoma diagnosis is 14 to 16 months.

What is the cost of Glioblastoma Cancer Treatment in India?

The cost of Glioblastoma cancer treatment in India normally ranges between $3,500 and $10,500. These values are estimates and may vary depending on the hospital chosen and the severity of the tumor. The costs cover a wide range of treatment options, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and other related medical treatments.

Top Hospitals for Glioblastoma Cancer Treatment in India

Various top hospitals in India are known for delivering modern and comprehensive Glioblastoma cancer treatment. These top hospitals for glioblastoma cancer treatment in India are outfitted with cutting-edge equipment, skilled doctors and nurses, and multidisciplinary neuro-oncology teams.

• Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon
• Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi
• Gleneagles Global Hospital, Chennai
• BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi
• Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi
• Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai
• Medanta – The Medicity, Gurgaon

Best Doctors for Glioblastoma Cancer Treatment in India

Patients with Glioblastoma can discover experienced doctors specialized in neuro-oncology in India. These experienced specialists are well-known for their expertise in Glioblastoma treatment. These best doctors for glioblastoma cancer treatment in India play an essential role in establishing and implementing specific therapies since they have vast experience, sophisticated medical knowledge, and a patient-centered approach.

• Dr Rajendra Prasad, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
• Dr Kapil Jain, Max Hospital, Delhi, India
• Praveen Gupta – Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon
• Dr Rana Patir, Fortis Healthcare, Delhi, India
• Atma Ram Bansal – Medanta – The Medicity, Gurgaon
• Dr Ashis Pathak, Fortis Healthcare, Delhi, India
• Dr Sandeep Vaishya, Fortis Healthcare, Delhi, India
• Dr Shailesh Jain, Max Hospital, Delhi, India
• Dr Sudhir Tyagi, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital