IVF: The Pathway to Parenthood

According to the World Health Organization, 1 out of every 6 couples around the globe experiences infertility, being unable to conceive after a year of trying. In vitro fertilisation, commonly termed as IVF, has been helping couples for decades. This medical procedure is widely accepted by clinicians due to its success rates in couples over 40 years of age.

The IVF process begins with the collection of mature eggs from the ovaries, which are then fertilised by sperm in a laboratory. Once fertilisation occurs, one or more of the fertilised eggs, now called embryos, are carefully placed into the uterus—the nurturing environment where a baby develops. A complete IVF cycle typically spans about 2 to 3 weeks, though the steps can sometimes be divided into different phases, extending the overall timeline.

The likelihood of having a healthy baby through IVF is influenced by numerous factors, including age and the underlying cause of infertility. Talk to your healthcare provider about the tiniest details of IVF to improve outcomes.

Why do couples need IVF?

IVF is part of assisted reproductive technology, and there are simpler methods like intrauterine insemination and the use of drugs to enhance ovum production. IVF procedure is the treatment of choice for couples over 40 years of age or those with associated genetic disorders. Here’s a list of other causes:

Damage to the Parts of the Uterus: Any obstruction or blockage in the fallopian tubes disrupts the flow of eggs into the uterus. This can obstruct sperm passage for fertilization or the movement of the embryo.

Ovarian Disorders: Cyst formation or PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) can lead to infertility. PCOS is a leading cause of infertility, and couples often opt for IVF treatment.

Endometriosis: The lining of the uterus grows outside its normal location, creating problems for the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus.

Fibroids: These are often referred to as tumors of the uterus and usually occur in the fourth decade of life in women. They disrupt the attachment of the embryo to the uterine lining.

Other conditions like genetic disorders, unexplained infertility, and a history of complicated pregnancies may also necessitate IVF treatment to achieve parenthood.

Understanding the success of IVF  

IVF is a complex process that includes various steps and factors. The exact code to success rate of IVF treatment is still not derived in medical science. Understanding various factors over the decade have been narrowed down as follows :

Age of the Woman:

• Younger women, particularly those under 35, typically have higher success rates due to better egg quality and quantity.

Quality of Embryos:

• Higher quality embryos are more likely to result in successful implantation and a healthy pregnancy.

Ovarian Reserve:

• A good ovarian reserve, indicated by tests such as AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) levels, can lead to a better response to stimulation and more eggs retrieved.

Sperm Quality:

• Good sperm quality, including count, motility, and morphology, is essential for successful fertilisation and embryo development.

Lifestyle Factors:

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can improve IVF success rates.

Previous Pregnancies:

• A history of previous successful pregnancies, especially with the same partner, can be a positive indicator. 

IVF Pregnancy Risk

IVF has a major impact on a woman’s body including mental stress, use of drugs and fear of losing the baby. Since the most common cause of infertility is related to ovary and production of egg, injury while retrieving eggs is a leading complication. Ultrasound is used with a needle which can cause bleeding in vagina and uterus.

In late 40s the production of eggs by the ovaries is decreased. Stimulation is done through medicines that contain hormones. The controlled stimulation can prevent overactivity of ovaries leading to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Multiple pregnancies are always risk factors for IVF treatment. A normal twin pregnancy increases the risk of gestational diabetes. Early labour and premature babies.

Increased birth defects with increased age of the mother is quite common. IVF  treatment further increases the risk factors for birth defects.

 IVF Treatment Costs

The average IVF cost in India ranges from ₹80,000 to ₹1,60,000, but actual expenses can vary based on factors such as the hospital’s reputation, the doctor’s qualifications, and the severity of infertility. IVF Costcan also differ depending on the city and the quality of service and technology used. For many, the option of IVF remains a distant dream, with the overall budget potentially exceeding ₹5,00,000, especially considering the risk of treatment failure. Diagnostic tests are usually charged separately from the total cost of IVF. Additionally, expenses for the care of both the baby and the mother are not included in the IVF treatment cost and can be substantial.

IVF and Emotional Health

Undergoing IVF can take a significant emotional toll on a mother. The process often involves a rollercoaster of hope and anxiety, marked by the highs of anticipation and the lows of disappointment. The rigorous schedule of hormone injections, frequent medical appointments, and invasive procedures can be physically and emotionally draining. Each step, from egg retrieval to embryo transfer, is fraught with uncertainty, making it difficult to maintain a sense of control. The waiting periods between cycles and results can be particularly excruciating, leading to heightened stress and emotional vulnerability. Additionally, the societal and personal pressures to conceive can amplify feelings of inadequacy or guilt if the cycle is not successful. The cumulative effect of these challenges can result in significant emotional strain, underscoring the importance of strong support systems and mental health care for mothers undergoing IVF.

FAQS

What are the disadvantages of IVF for babies?

IVF increases the risk of low birth weight, prematurity and developmental delays. Considering the recent data, the babies were found to be healthy. Supportive care for the mother as well as for the baby can easily reduce the chances of the above. IVF has millions of couples to experience parenthood, talk to your healthcare provider for better insight!

What is the hardest part of IVF?

The hardest part of IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) often lies in the emotional and psychological challenges that accompany the process. The journey is frequently described as an emotional rollercoaster, marked by hope, anxiety, and uncertainty at each step. The physical discomfort from hormone injections and procedures adds to the emotional strain, while the financial burden can exacerbate stress, especially when multiple cycles are needed. The waiting periods, particularly the two-week wait after embryo transfer, can be excruciating, filled with anticipation and fear of failure. This fear, coupled with the potential need to start over if a cycle is unsuccessful, can be overwhelming.

Can you conceive naturally after IVF?

According to research, 1 out of 3 women conceived naturally after IVF treatment. This could be due to ovary stimulation during the treatment. Talk to your healthcare provider about contraception to avoid pregnancy.

What is the success rate of IVF?

The success rate of IVF  varies significantly based on several factors, primarily the age of the woman undergoing treatment. For women under 35, the success rate is approximately 40-50% per cycle. As age increases, the success rates decline: for women aged 35-37, the rate is around 30-40%; for those aged 38-40, it drops to about 20-30%; and for women aged 41-42, the success rate further decreases to roughly 10-20%. Women over 42 generally have success rates of less than 10% per cycle. These percentages are influenced by additional factors such as the cause of infertility, the quality of embryos and sperm, the woman’s overall health, and the protocols of the fertility clinic.

Is IVF a painful process?

In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves hormone injections, egg retrieval, and embryo transfer. Hormone injections may cause mild discomfort and side effects like bloating and headaches. Egg retrieval is a minor surgical procedure, often resulting in temporary cramping or soreness. Embryo transfer is usually painless, though mild cramping may occur. While some discomfort is common, many women find the process manageable, and healthcare providers can offer support and guidance.